Archive departmental seminars 2018/2019

03 ottobre 2018; Sarah  Cargnin (UNIUPO - DSF)

Episodic migraine is a disabling neurovascular disease that affects around 10% of the worldwide adult population. Despite triptans are now considered as the gold-standard acute treatment for migraine, their use is limited by at least two main drawbacks: first, a consistent proportion of migraineurs do not benefit from these medications; second, it has been shown that the overuse of triptans per se is, paradoxically, one of the major causes of migraine chronification into Medication Overuse Headache (MOH). In the last years we conducted several studies aimed at identifying single neuclotide polymorphisms as genetic predictors of the clinical response to triptans or of the risk of developing MOH. We herein propose the use of a polygenic risk score approach as an adequate tool to unravel the genetic/pharmacogenetic basis of migraine and its chronification.

17 ottobre 2018; Giulia Pinton (UNIUPO – DSF)

Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that forms on the thin protective lining that cover the lungs and other internal organs, often associated with exposure to asbestos. For patients with relapsed or refractory mesothelioma, there are currently no approved treatment options. Tazemetostat, a first-in-class EZH2 (Enhancer of Zeste homology 2) inhibitor, is currently being studied as a monotherapy in ongoing Phase 1 and 2 programs. EZH2 is a methyltransferase that trimethylates histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) on chromatin. This repressive mark is removed by the lysine demethylase KDM6B. We assessed the role of EZH2 and KDM6B in mesothelioma derived cells, cultured as monolayer or as spheroids.

07 novembre 2018; Marcello Manfredi (UNIUPO – IRCAD)

Today, mass spectrometry methods are utilized in an increasing number of molecular and biology studies that aim for a better understanding of the biochemistry of living organisms. Biological processes, pathways and biomarkers are only some of the information that can be obtained through mass spectrometry. A selection of these studies will be presented: firstly, using a multi-omics approach we will show the specific behavior of serum proteins, metabolites and lipids during sport activity. The second case research is related to the use of proteomics to study the effect of a drug and its possible targets. The third case study will show the use of a multi-omics approach to analyze the content and the effect of platelet rich plasma.

21 novembre 2018; Federico Ruffinatti (UNIUPO – DSF)

Cell morphometry can be defined as the quantitative description of cell shape for the inference of important information about cell functionality and/or its correlation with certain biological process of interest, such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, motility, growth dynamics or adhesion to particular substrates. In recent years, a plethora of shape descriptors has been proposed to virtually capture every geometrical feature of a cell, or subcellular compartment. However, the simultaneous use of multiple descriptors rapidly raises the level of complexity, making the analysis multivariate and highly redundant. Moreover, the visual inspection of the whole dataset of images for manual cell selection, together with the lack of standardized protocols of analysis, is likely to introduce a heavy operator-dependent bias into the procedure, thus impairing its reproducibility. In order to solve most of these problems, we developed a new plug-in for ImageJ called MORPHEUS, that combines within a single pipeline the evaluation of the most relevant cell-shape descriptors, the extraction of nucleus features and an advanced analysis of orientation. Morpheus is a first proposal for the standardization of cell morphometric analysis in which the automation descending from the adaptative nature of the algorithm eliminates the user-bias factor and translates into a reproducibility-oriented approach to cell morphometry.

05 dicembre 2018; Giovanni Battista Appendino (UNIUPO – DSF)

The diterpene ester tiglianol tigliate (EBC-46) occurs in high concentration in the unpalatable seeds of Fontainea picrosperma C.T. White (blushwood), a subcanopy euphorbiaceous tree endemic to a restricted (ca. 20 Km2) area of the Queensland rainforest. Tiglianol tigliate is remarkably efficacious in the treatment of localized tumors, and has successfully completed Phase III clinical development for veterinarian use and Phase I human clinical studies. Intra-tumor injection of EBC46 triggers a triad of responses (massive destruction of tumor vasculature, tumor hemorrhagic necrosis, stimulation of wound healing) sensitive to PKC pan-inhibitors, suggesting that modulation of PKC is part of its mechanism of action. The PKC isoform activation of EBC-6 is significantly different from the one of tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (PMA) and ingenol mebutate, and studies aimed at clarifying the role of PKC in the mechanism of action of EBC-46 by systematically modifying the functional groups of the natural product will be presented.

19 dicembre 2018; Riccardo Miggiano (UNIUPO – DSF)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a human pathogen that during its complex life cycle is continuously exposed to a variety of DNA-damaging stresses. The mutagenic effects of O6-alkylated guanine in DNA is counteracted by the action of the suicidal O6-methylguanine methyltransferase protein (OGT). I will present the crystal structure of wild-type MTB OGT in complex with a modified dsDNA, gaining structural insights into the OGT cooperative DNA-binding mechanism. The MTB DNA repair toolbox includes also multi-enzymatic DNA repair systems such as the Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER). The first steps in NER are carried out by the coordinated action of the UvrA, UvrB and UvrC proteins. We analyzed the hydrodynamic properties and the oligomeric state of the MTB UvrB showing that the protein forms dimers in solution, which are characterized by an elongated shape, as determined by SAXS analysis. Moreover, we analyzed the UvrA/UvrB lesion sensing/tracking complex by adopting a SEC-based approach followed by SAXS-and cryo-EM-based structural analysis, revealing that the two proteins interact in solution, in the absence of ligands, with an A2B2 stoichiometry. Surface plasmon resonance analysis showed that the dissociation constant of the complex falls in the low micromolar range that could represent the basis for a fine modulation of the complex architecture. Finally, the characterization of such complexes in terms of thermodynamics and stoichiometry provides an experimental framework to screen molecules for their capability to interfere with the DNA-lesion searching response in mycobacterial NER.

09 gennaio 2019; Francesco Barone Adesi (UNIUPO – DSF)

According to the British Academy of Medical Sciences, Real-World Evidence (RWE) is the evidence generated from clinically relevant data collected outside of the context of conventional Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT). This includes data available through electronic health records, medical claims, drug and disease registries, patient lifestyle-related activities and health-monitoring devices. RWE studies are regarded as complementary to RCT in the generation of scientific evidence. For example, results of RWE studies have usually a larger generalizability, because they often involve subjects that would not be recruited in RCT. However, several methodological challenges should be considered when interpreting findings based on RWE studies. In particular, the observational design of these studies makes them more vulnerable to bias and confounding than RCT. The seminar illustrates some limitations in the evaluation of drug safety and effectiveness through RWE studies and proposes possible solutions to mitigate them.​

16 gennaio 2019; Marco Lolli (UNITO)

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a clinically most devastating disease with dismal prognosis and survival rate. Efforts to identify new therapeutic targets to overcome myeloid differentiation blockade were largely unsuccessful until the breakthrough study in 2016 by Sykes et al. who demonstrated that inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH) enables myeloid differentiation in both human and mouse AML models. The development of potent and optimized hDHODH inhibitors has become a potential new strategy for the treatment of AML. After several series of optimization in the development of hDHODH inhibitors using state-of-the-art designing paradigms, including synthesis, structure-activity relationships (SAR), crystallographic and molecular modelling studies, biological assays (cell viability, proliferation, cytotoxicity, immunosuppression and myeloid differentiation), and physicochemical characterization, we have recently discovered a novel small molecule, representative of a novel class of hDHODH inhibitors based on a hydroxylpyrazole-pyridine scaffold, that is able to restore the myeloid differentiation in leukemia cell lines at a 1-log lower concentration compared to the lead brequinar. To our knowledge, it is one of the most potent hDHODH inhibitor, with a safety profile, so far discovered.

06 febbraio 2019; Heather Bondi (UNIUPO – DSF)

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a risk factor for the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and other chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. The hypothalamus (Hyt) is the brain region that plays a key role in regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. In mice, high-fat diet (HFD) induces an increase of circulating and brain free fatty acids (FFA), which, in turn, can exert toxic effects (lipotoxicity) and potentially compromise Hyt functions. Adult neurogenesis (aNG) is a key form of neuroplasticity which also occurs in Hyt (aHytNG) and is impaired in mice exposed to HFD. This observation has generated the hypothesis that lack of remodelling in the Hyt network as a consequence of disrupted NG may potentially contribute to MetS. Little is currently known about the direct effects of lipotoxicity on aHytNG. The present project aims at understanding the in vitro effects of a FFA-enriched microenvironment on adult Hyt neural progenitor cells (aHytNPC), using an innovative and highly throughput image-based approach, namely High Content Analysis (HCA). We will use Palmitic acid (PA) to reproduce lipotoxicity and its potential underlying cellular and molecular effects on aHytNPC. Moreover, we want: i) to assess whether aHytNPC impairment by PA may be pharmacologically counteractable; ii) to identify novel drugs with protective properties against lipotoxicity. Our results may shed light on novel pathophysiological mechanisms that link MetS and brain dysfunction.

20 febbraio 2019; Laura Tapella (UNIUPO – DSF)

Astrocytes play fundamental homeostatic functions in the brain. Calcineurin (CaN) is a Ca2+-activated phosphatase that, in astrocytes, is known to trigger reactive gliosis and neuroinflammation. Surprisingly, nothing is known about a role of astroglial CaN in brain physiology. For that reason, we have generated a conditional CaN KO mouse model specific in astroglial cells, (ACN-KO). ACN-KO mice grew normal in terms of body and brain weight but starting from 2 month of age develop memory impairment and later on spontaneous tonic-clonic seizures. In this seminar, I will present data on: 1) the role of astroglial CaN in neuronal excitability through the modulation of Na+/K+ ATPase (NKA) activity; 2) preliminary results of proteomic analysis on ACN-KO mice. In summary, our data suggest that astroglial CaN controls phenotype and function of neurons in term of protein expression and excitability.

06 marzo 2019 Monica Locatelli (UNIUPO – DSF)

Pigmented rice is characterized by the presence in the pericarp (the bran part of the caryopsis) of pigments that confer to it different colors, mainly red, purple or black. Red and black rice are valuable sources of fiber, minerals and phytochemicals, including various phenolic compounds; for these reasons, pigmented rice can be considered as "functional food", and can also be used for nutraceutical applications. Moreover, due to its high anthocyanin content, black rice could be used as source of pigments useful to replace artificial colorants in food applications.
In this seminar the composition of various Italian pigmented rice cultivars (Oryza sativa) will be presented, particularly focusing on the polyphenolic profile. Black and red rice varieties, in fact, show a similar proximate composition, but a quali/quantitative different profile of polyphenols (anthocyanins, phenolic acids and flavonoids). Based on its peculiar characteristics, black rice was then subjected to different cooking methods in order to evaluate their impact on the phenolic composition. In addition, some black rice by-products (husk, straw and broken rice) were further characterized and considered for potential nutraceutical applications, such as the production of anthocyanin-rich extracts, useful for the formulation of functional foods or dietary supplements.

20 marzo 2019 Federica Pollastro (UNIUPO – DSF)

Bitter taste is a peculiar and emblematic perception that could act as defence, medicinal and gastronomic purpose. Bitter natural compounds are involved in this perception with different biological activity. A significant example is the consumption of wild bitter herbs, an important trait of the Mediterranean diet, to flavour alcoholic beverages and prepare herbal infusions whose value extends to traditional medicine too. Plants from the genus Artemisia exemplify this use, and their properties on appetite and digestion have been traditionally related to their bitter constituents.
The popularity of alpine bitter herbs had fostered studies aimed at the isolation of their bitter principles and the identification of their receptors (hTAS2Rs). Bitter taste receptors were originally defined on the base of their role in type-2 taste cells of the tongue, in which they serve to detect bitter chemicals like sesquiterpene lactones, a major class of bitter compounds. Further interest originated from the discovery that bitter taste receptors are expressed in extra oral tissue, especially in the gastrointestinal tract and in the respiratory system, where they are involved, respectively in glucose regulation, appetite regulation, weight management, and bronchodilation.
The study of hTAS2Rs in broncho-epithelial cells is a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases of respiratory tract and highlight the relevance of bitter agonists as drug lead structures.

03 aprile 2019 Chiara Porta (UNIUPO – DSF)

Macrophage plasticity, namely the ability of macrophages to respond to microenvironmental changes with the expression of different functional programs of activation, is essential for host defense and tissue homeostasis, but it may also promotes the development of different diseases. Exploring the molecular mechanisms driving macrophage polarized activation in infectious diseases and established cancers we identified that p50 NF-κB is a key molecule for the expression of an M2-skewed phenotype. Accordingly, we have recently demonstrated that p50 NF-κB supports colorectal cancer development and progression through its commitment to the tumor-promoting (M2-like) activation of macrophages. Therefore p50 NF-κB represents both a new prognostic indicator and an attractive target for therapeutic interventions. Strategies aimed to “re-educate” tumor associated macrophages (TAM) in “M1” effector cells have recently entered clinical trials. Malignant pleura mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive cancer with dismal prognosis. We are now investigating whether the combination of TAM reprograming with Tazemetostat, an inhibitor of the histone methyltransferase EZH2, could represent a new therapeutic option for MPM. Our preliminary results indicate that M1-polarized monocytes can kill MPM cells enhancing the anti-tumor effect of Tazemetostat. These findings prompt us to go insight the study of potential synergistic effects of epigenetic rewiring in association with macrophage-based immunotherapy.

05 aprile 2019 Marco Gatti (Università di Zurigo)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1, ARTD1) has multiple important roles in metabolism, stress signaling, chromatin dynamics, transcription and DNA repair, and it is the target of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) used as therapy for BRCA-mutated ovarian and breast tumors. The cytotoxicity of PARPi is in part caused by the ability of PARPi to lock PARP1 in an inactive conformation and thereby stabilize potentially toxic PARP1-DNA complexes, a mechanism that is referred to as PARP trapping. A hypothesis based on the PARP trapping model is that PARPi might work best in cancer cells expressing high levels of PARP1, with consequentially increased cytotoxic PARP1 trapping. PARP1 is indeed upregulated in various cancers and PARP1 expression may have prognostic value for PARPi-based cancer treatment. A relatively novel and still insufficiently explored aspect of PARP biology is the interplay between PARylation and ubiquitin-dependent protein turnover. In order to identify components of the ubiquitin-proteasome machinery with hitherto uncharacterized roles in the regulation of PARP1 steady-state levels, we employed a targeted siRNA approach in conjunction with high-throughput single cell imaging and found that posttranslational regulation of PARP1 turnover indeed impacts cellular sensitivity to PARPi. Our current work is aimed at dissecting the molecular details of ubiquitin-dependent PARP1 turnover and to study its implications for PARPi responses, both in BRCA-deficient and in BRCA-proficient settings.

17 aprile 2019 Chiara Ceresa (UNIUPO – DSF)

L’impiego di dispositivi medici impiantabili è significativamente correlato all’insorgenza di infezioni microbiche causate dalla formazione di complesse strutture tridimensionali dette biofilm. Gli organismi che vivono in questa forma sono per lo più refrattari sia alla terapia farmacologica che alla risposta immunitaria dell'ospite. In particolare, la presenza di biofilm multi-specie è stata associata ad infezioni più aggressive a causa delle interazioni sinergiche che si vengono a creare tra i microorganismi coinvolti che potenziano la virulenza, la biomassa e la resistenza ai trattamenti antimicrobici della comunità stessa. I biosurfattanti (BS) sono recentemente emersi come una nuova generazione di agenti antiadesivi e antimicrobici per lo sviluppo di biomateriali ad alta biocompatibilità.
L'efficacia inibitoria dei BS nei confronti della formazione di biofilm da parte di specie microbiche clinicamente rilevanti è stata studiata seguendo un approccio multidisciplinare. I risultati ottenuti pongono le basi per lo sviluppo di strategie innovative comprendenti molecole naturali per la prevenzione della colonizzazione microbica su dispositivi medici.

08 maggio 2019 Silvio Aprile (UNIUPO – DSF)

La valutazione dell’efficacia di una nuova classe di sostanze bioattive non è univoca, in quanto costituita da un complesso bilancio tra attività farmacodinamica, profilo farmacocinetico e proprietà farmaceutiche. In questo scenario, sia le proprietà ADME (assorbimento, distribuzione, metabolismo ed escrezione), sia gli aspetti tossicologici (Tox) assumono un ruolo chiave, essendo entrambi interconnessi alle altre proprietà, influenzandole positivamente o negativamente; modulando quindi l’efficacia in vivo dei nuovi composti. Analogamente alle regole empiriche di Lipinsky e Veber, che definiscono dei parametri chimico-fisici “ideali” per assicurare ad esempio un buon assorbimento orale, si è diffusa una consolidata consapevolezza sull’importanza delle proprietà ADME-Tox nel garantire la “drug-likeness” di una nuova classe di composti; di conseguenza, la loro valutazione in una fase precoce può costituire una utile guida nell’identificare composti non solo potenti, ma anche dotati di caratteristiche chimico/farmacocinetiche soddisfacenti. Nella prima parte del seminario verranno illustrate quali proprietà ADME sono principalmente studiate nel processo di sviluppo di un nuovo farmaco e quali approcci sperimentali sono comunemente applicati. Nella seconda parte verranno invece discussi i risultati relativi a studi ADME integrati nello sviluppo di una nuova classe di inibitori della nicotinamide fosforibosil transferasi (NAMPT) a struttura triazolica. Infine, verrà illustrata quale strategia è stata applicata nello sviluppo e nella determinazione della stabilità chimica e metabolica di nuovi modulatori “soft” del recettore canale Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid TRPV1, attivi nel trattamento di malattie infiammatorie cutanee.

15 maggio 2019 Fausto Chiazza (UNIUPO-DSF)

Tra i principali fattori di rischio per l’insorgenza di patologie cardiovascolari si identifica il dismetabolismo. Tuttavia, i meccanismi molecolari alla base della relazione causale tra insulina-resistenza e patologie cardiovascolari non sono ancora completamente chiariti. Negli ultimi anni abbiamo contribuito, con approcci differenti, a caratterizzare alcuni di questi meccanismi al fine di identificare nuovi target farmacologici.
Ad esempio, studi recenti suggeriscono che un ruolo chiave di crosstalk tra patologie metaboliche e cardiovascolari sia svolto dalla “metaflammation”, un’infiammazione cronica che si sviluppa in condizioni dismetaboliche. In questo panorama il complesso multiproteico NLRP3 inflammasoma sembra svolgere una funzione centrale. Recentemente abbiamo valutato l'ipotesi che l’inibizione farmacologica o l’ablazione genetica di NLRP3 inflammasoma si traduca in un miglioramento degli outcomes in modelli animali di danno cardiometabolico.
In contemporanea, con un approccio diverso, abbiamo valutato la tesi che un farmaco propriamente antidiabetico, l’inibitore della DPP-4 Linagliptin, possa influenzare le conseguenze dell’ictus, una patologia cardiovascolare ad alta incidenza nella popolazione dismetabolica.

21 maggio 2019  Antreas Afantitis (NovaMechanics Ltd, Nicosia, Cyprus).

The success of drug discovery as well as chemoinformatics-aided material design significantly depends on the success of in silico methods and tools to process, integrate, analyze and interpret chemical and biological data and properties. The need for efficient data mining and analysis has become very intense especially after the increasing volume of data produced from High Throughput Screening (HTS) experiments. This is a demanding procedure for which various tools must be combined with different input and output formats. To automate the data analysis required we have developed the necessary tools to facilitate a variety of important tasks to construct workflows that will simplify the handling, processing and modeling of chem/nano informatics data and will provide time and cost efficient solutions, reproducible and easier to maintain. To address this emerging need NovaMechanics Ltd has developed and integrated within Enalos informatics platform a wide range of Chem/Nano tools, functional within Cloud, KNIME and standalone platform, dedicated to the informatics analysis of chemical and nano data and their corresponding activity/properties. The application of these state of the art chem/nano informatics tools for the development of nanoinformatics models and an in silico drug discovery pipeline for the identification, virtual screening, lead identification and optimization of novel inhibitors as well as the novelty, patent and commercial availability search will be presented.

22 maggio 2019 Andrea Foglio Bonda (UNIUPO – APTsol)

Spesso il termine micro-incapsulazione è usato in molti settori industriali e scientifici per definire una moltitudine di tecniche per la produzione di sistemi particellari. In alcuni casi tali tecniche differiscono notevolmente una dall’altra e permettono di ottenere prodotti anche molto dissimili tra di loro. In altri casi il termine micro-incapsulazione è erroneamente utilizzato per indicare un qualunque tipo di isolamento/confinamento di una sostanza dall’ambiente circostante (e.g. emulsioni o micelle). Il seminario tratterà in modo generale gli aspetti tecnico/scientifici che si relazionano al termine micro-incapsulazione, per permettere all’uditore di acquisire quelle conoscenze di base utili per una valutazione critica di tali tecnologie. Successivamente, saranno presentate alcune delle tecniche di produzione rientranti sotto la definizione di micro-incapsulazione. Queste saranno descritte sulla base dei loro principi generali di attuazione e saranno proposti esempi pratici, facendo riferimento a prodotti in commercio.

05 giugno 2019 Diego Caprioglio (UNIUPO – DSF)

L’isolamento di composti bioattivi dalla Cannabis Sativa L. durante gli anni ’60 del Novecento ha dato il via ad un crescente interesse scientifico verso questa pianta: in quasi 70 anni più di un centinaio di diversi fitocannabinoidi sono stati isolati e caratterizzati. Nonostante ciò, il 90% degli studi biologici inerenti questa classe di metaboliti secondari sono stati svolti solo su pochi eletti, i cosiddetti “big 4”: Δ9 -tetraidrocannabinolo (THC), cannabidiolo (CBD), cannabigerolo (CBG) e cannabicromene (CBC). La principale motivazione risiede, oltre che nella loro spiccata attività biologica, nell’estrema facilità di reperimento tramite estrazione dalla pianta (THC, CBD, CBG) o per via sintetica (CBC). Paradossalmente poca attenzione è stata invece mostrata verso i fitocannabinoidi minori, che sono per anni stati considerati come i “pariah” di questa famiglia. Di conseguenza, vaste aree del cannabinoma rimangono quasi completamente o del tutto inesplorate in termini di attività biologica. La scarsità di ricerche sulle proprietà biologiche di questi prodotti è sorprendente e negli ultimi anni ha spinto il gruppo ricerca di cui faccio parte (Novara Natural Product Chemistry Group, NoNaPCG) ad una loro rivalutazione; il seminario offrirà una panoramica sui risultati, sia chimici che biologici, finora raggiunti

19 giugno 2019 Davide Ferraris (UNIUPO – DSF)

Le proteine sono alla base di ogni evento biologico, e lo studio della loro struttura e funzione è fondamentale per comprendere appieno i meccanismi molecolari che sottendono ad ogni evento patologico. In questo contesto, lo studio delle strutture delle proteine consente la scoperta di nuove molecole attive che sono alla base dello sviluppo di nuovi farmaci. Inoltre, la ricerca associata all’ottimizzazione delle trasformazioni biochimiche promosse dagli enzimi consente il loro impiego in numerosi contesti applicativi e produttivi. Durante il seminario farò una panoramica sulle strutture di alcuni enzimi coinvolti nei processi patogeni di M. tuberculosis e mostrerò come alcune di queste strutture hanno dato l’avvio allo sviluppo di nuove molecole attive. Inoltre, presenterò alcuni esempi di come la ricerca applicata in ambito biotecnologico ha potuto contribuire positivamente allo sviluppo di idee e proposte progettuali nella ricerca di base.

26 giugno 2019 Sergio Riva (ICRM – CNR, Milan)

Different synthetic approaches rely on multistep enzyme catalyzed processes. In this presentation recent work in this area from our laboratory will be described. A first option is given by the exploitation of bifunctional or multifunctional substrates. Specifically the selective modification of complex natural compounds can lead to hybrid derivatives exploiting the regioselectivity of hydrolases with bicarboxylic acids of different chain length. Another modern research topic is finalized to the merging of chemical and enzymatic transformations in one-pot processes. Examples will be discussed related to redox chains and to the combination of heterogeneous catalysts and enzymes. The last part of this presentation will be devoted to some cascade processes based on the combination of dehydrogenases with different cofactor specificities, glycosidases with opposite activities, enoate reductases with alcohol dehydrogenases or aminotransferases.

03 luglio 2019 Daniela Imperio (UNIUPO – DSF)

La BNCT (Boron Neutron Capture Therapy) è una terapia antitumorale binaria basata sull’azione sinergica di due componenti che, se presi singolarmente, non presentano alcun effetto. Il trattamento prevede la somministrazione di composti boronati, contenenti l’isotopo non radioattivo 10B, che vengono accumulati nelle cellule cancerose, seguita da irraggiamento con un fascio neutronico causante la fissione dei nuclei di boro con emissione di ioni Litio e particelle alfa, letali per le cellule. L’utilizzo di questa tecnica è circoscritto a tumori non trattabili con terapie convenzionali, quali glioblastoma multiforme, melanoma e i tumori testa-collo. Inoltre, ad oggi, l’uso dei reattori nucleari quali fonte primaria di neutroni, ne ha limitato l’applicazione in ambito ospedaliero. Lo sviluppo di acceleratori come sorgenti di neutroni ha suscitato un nuovo interesse per la BNCT, rendendo di primaria necessità la progettazione di nuove molecole boronate. Il primo traguardo europeo nel 2019 è stato raggiunto dall’Helsinki University Hospital Neutron Therapeutics con l’installazione del primo acceleratore. Oggetto di questo seminario sarà la presentazione di nuovi composti contenenti atomi di boro legati a strutture saccaridiche quali potenziali agenti per la BNCT.